Fig. 5

Meta-analysis of CSF and blood t-tau levels in ALS patients compared with Con (A & E), HCs (B), NNCs (C & F), and NCs (D). ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; CI, confidence interval; CLEIA, chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay; Con, all non-ALS controls; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunoassay; HCs, healthy controls; NCs, neurodegenerative controls; NNCs, non-neurodegenerative controls; SIMOA, single molecule array; SMD, standardized mean difference; t-tau, total tau