Fig. 6

Meta-analysis of CSF p-tau levels in ALS patients compared with Con (A), HCs (B), NNCs (C), and NCs (D). ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; CI, confidence interval; Con, all non-ALS controls; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; HCs, healthy controls; NCs, neurodegenerative controls; NNCs, non-neurodegenerative controls; p-tau, phosphorylated tau; SMD, standardized mean difference