Fig. 7

Meta-analysis of CSF p-tau/t-tau ratios in ALS patients compared with Con (A), HCs (B), and NNCs (C). ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; CI, confidence interval; Con, all non-ALS controls; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; HCs, healthy controls; NNCs, non-neurodegenerative controls; p-tau, phosphorylated tau; SMD, standardized mean difference; t-tau, total tau