Table 1 The different miRNAs and their roles in gastric cancer including their effects on CD8 + T-cells and potential therapeutic implications

miR-128-3p

Downregulated

Inverse correlation with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes; Practical impact on GC prognosis in decreased CD8 + T-cell quantity

Potential therapeutic target for immunotherapy in GC; Direct targets IL-16

[21]

miR-140

Upregulated

Higher levels of infiltrating cytotoxic CD8 + T-cells; Decreased infiltration of myeloid-derived suppressive cells and regulatory T-cells

Tumor-suppressing function

[22]

miR-105-5p

Downregulated

Facilitates activation of CD8 + T-cells

Directly targets PD-L1; Regulator of cancer immune surveillance

[23]

miR-155

Upregulated

Antibodies against immune checkpoint proteins help revive the expression of miR-155 targets in CD8 + T-cells within tumor tissues

Potential regulator of pathways enhancing the immune response against tumors

[24]

miR-1246

Upregulated

Induces apoptosis of CD8 + T-cells; Suppresses GSK3β expression; promotes β-Catenin and MMP7 expression

Potential biomarker and therapeutic target for GC-LNM; Promoter of lymph angiogenesis and remodeling in GC-LNM

[25]